@Article{JonahZCGERPJ:2020:UnInTr,
               author = "Jonah, Olusegun F. and Zhang, Shunrong and Costar, Anthea J. and 
                         Goncharenko, Larisa P. and Erickson, Philip J. and Rideout, 
                         William and Paula, Eurico Rodrigues de and Jesus, Rodolfo de",
          affiliation = "{Massachusetts Institute of Technology} and {Massachusetts 
                         Institute of Technology} and {Massachusetts Institute of 
                         Technology} and {Massachusetts Institute of Technology} and 
                         {Massachusetts Institute of Technology} and {Massachusetts 
                         Institute of Technology} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)}",
                title = "Understanding inter-hemispheric traveling ionospheric disturbances 
                         and their mechanisms",
              journal = "Remote Sensing",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "12",
               number = "2",
                pages = "e228",
                month = "jan.",
             keywords = "traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs), background neutral 
                         wind, interhemispheric TID propagation, trans-equatorial 
                         characteristics of TIDs, TIEGCM, O/N-2 ratio, MSTIDs, LSTIDs.",
             abstract = "Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are wave-like 
                         disturbances in ionospheric plasma density. They are often 
                         observed during both quiet (medium-scale TID) and geomagnetically 
                         disturbed (large-scale TID) conditions. Their amplitudes can reach 
                         double-digit percentages of the background plasma density, and 
                         their existence presents a challenge for accurate ionosphere 
                         specification. In this study, we examine TID properties using 
                         observations obtained during two geomagnetically disturbed periods 
                         using multiple ground and space-borne instruments, such as 
                         magnetometers, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) 
                         receivers, and the SWARM satellite. Reference quiet time 
                         observations are also provided for both storms. We use a 
                         thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model 
                         (TIEGCM) results to properly interpret TID features and their 
                         drivers. This combination of observations and modeling allows the 
                         investigation of variations of TID generation mechanisms and 
                         subsequent wave propagation, particularly as a function of 
                         different plasma background densities during various geophysical 
                         conditions. The trans-equatorial coupling of TIDs in the northern 
                         and southern hemispheres is also investigated with respect to 
                         attenuation and propagation characteristics. We show that TID 
                         properties during trans-equatorial events may be substantially 
                         affected by storm time background neutral wind perturbation.",
                  doi = "10.3390/rs12020228",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020228",
                 issn = "2072-4292",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "remotesensing-12-00228-v3.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}